Salicylic acid, a beta hydroxy acid, is an effective ingredient for treatment of acne-prone skin. It is a particularly effective ingredient that fights the causes of blemish-prone skin: blocked pores and bacterial growth. It is an antibacterial ingredient with an exfoliating and comedolytic effect: it  counteracts Cutibacterium acnes, a bacteria that can trigger acne outbreaks, it dissolves & removes dead skin and opens up clogged pores and softens the skin to even prevent blocked pores. This small lipophilic acid penetrates into pores for deep pore cleansing. Overall, it improves the appearance of the skin: it reduces blemishes and prevents them from re-appearing.

Licochalcone A is a potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant active that is derived from the roots of the Chinese licorice plant Glycyrrhiza inflata. Licochalcone A protects cells from oxidative stress mediated by UV and blue light (HEVIS).

Licochalcone A is able to activate anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes. These enzymes protect the skin cells from damage induced by oxidative stress, like lipid peroxidation and DNA as wells as protein damage. Licochalcone A is able to soothe irritated skin and redness.

Glycolic Acid is a very common chemical peel used by many dermatologists. It is an Alpha-Hydroxy Acid (AHA) or sugarcane derivative with an extremely small molecular size. It works by removing dead skin cells to even skin texture. The concentration of Glycolic Acid used in the Skin Refining Serum is a lower concentration than what is used in dermatological treatments for softer effects.